Lesson 2: Knowing your Grammar Part 1

Objectives:

• To give the importance of good grammar
• To provide the different things that having a good grammar can do
• To familiarize with the different parts of speech

Quick Navigation through the Lesson 2: Knowing your Grammar Part 1:

• Lesson Proper
• Grammar Improvements
• Nouns
• Verb
• Adjectives
• Adverbs
• Pronouns
• Preposition
• Conjunction
• Interjection

Lesson Proper

Proper grammar in sentence construction is important in every writing assignment a person does. Grammar is defined as the set rules that direct the flow of words, phrases and clauses in any given common language. The evolution of grammar started with the growth of population and thus the growth of influences that govern how individuals speaks and writes. In line with this, standards and guidelines have been set that created a discrepancy to the grammars that are common with the grammars that are correct.

Correct grammar goes hand in hand with the culture of a certain country and thus no grammar is alike in between nations and continents. Terms such as British Grammar, Standard Chinese and Modern Standard Arabic provide different set of rules in grammar instruction that applies to the customs and normal ways of the people living. The most common and widely accepted is the English grammar that became the foundation of the other grammatical rules that has developed.

Effective study of grammar is needed as part of education starting from the developing years to the advance learning stage. Having a right knowledge on how to properly construct sentences contributes to the common writing assignments set by the institution and will also help to ensure that the paper composition will be successful. It is also significant to provide good grammar not just in writing but also in speaking for it is the basis of understanding and harmonious communication between the communities.

[gview file=”http://www.professays.com/wp-content/uploads/Lesson-2-Slideshow.pptx” height=”380px” width=”530px” save=”0″ cache=”0″]

GRAMMAR IMPROVEMENTS

Grammatical errors are acceptable for those who have just learned a new language but for someone who have been in the years of formal education following the same verbal communication, having grammatical errors can either give a bad impression or sudden change as to what is truly meant.

Below are the different steps that should be taken as a guide to grammar improvements.

1. Listen
   1. Having a help from a native speaker will further increase the chance of having a grammar enhancement. Watch English television shows or listen to radios to hear how words are being spoken.
2. Speak
   1. Learning grammar will be a difficult task if one is not a speaker of the said language. Speaking will enable a person to create a pattern and will then be reflected on his or her writings.
3. Read
   1. Reading is a good way to increase grammar and enhance a person’s vocabulary. Read aloud for it will better out the perspectives of the message and exercise the flow of words.
4. Write
   1. Writing is the best form of practice to good grammar for it will give an opportunity to practice and hone a person’s skills.

The traditional grammar categorizes based on the eight parts of speech. Each part of speech that the conventional grammar follows explains how the word is used in a sentence. Learning the different parts of speech defines the changes created from a single sentence to the others.

[WpProQuiz 8]

[gview file=”http://www.professays.com/wp-content/uploads/Lesson-2-Slideshow-2.pptx” height=”380px” width=”530px” save=”0″ cache=”0″]

NOUNS

Nouns are words that name a person, a place of a thing. Everything that can be seen and talked about is represented by nouns. Nouns are either formed as singular or plural. Singular form of nouns is for a single name only while plural nouns are for names that are more than one.

KINDS OF NOUNS

Nouns can be classified according to the following:

• Proper nouns
  • Most commonly capitalized proper nouns stands for specific names of a person, a place or a thing. Examples of proper nouns are Paris, Mrs. Carson, God, Spanish and etc.
• Common nouns
  • Those who are not capitalized and are named for general purpose fall under this category. Examples of common nouns are children, boy, lion, city, pencil, and diaper.

• Count nouns

• Names things that can be counted like seven countries, three meals, and four journals.

• Mass nouns

• Mass nouns are the opposite of count nouns which describes names that cannot be counted such as water, sand, and blood.

• Collective nouns
  • Once a noun is in singular form but is composed of more one item like crowd, panel, team, and group is defined as collective nouns.
• Abstract nouns
  • Names or items that are non-tangible are classified as abstract nouns and can be written even without a noun determiner. Examples of abstract nouns includes peace, justice and grief.

• Determiners
  • Articles such as the, a and an are examples of nouns set as determiners which can also become a different part of speech.

VERB

Verb carries the idea or the action in a given sentence. A verb expresses a physical action, mental action and state of being or most commonly called as be-verbs.

KINDS OF VERBS

Verbs can be classified according to the following:

• Transitive verbs
  • Verbs that require an object to be complete in meaning are called transitive verbs. One example is the sentence “Sandra gave money to the poor child”. The word gave is the verb and it cannot stand alone without answering what the subject, Sandra, gave.
• Intransitive verbs

• Intransitive verbs are the complete opposite of transitive verbs. These verbs make a complete sentence even without answering the question what. Examples of intransitive verbs used in sentences are “The lady collapsed” and “Everybody voted”.

VERB TENSES

Verb tenses are common lesson under correct grammar rules for a lot of confusion occurs in this subject matter. The tenses of a given verb are further divided into three which are the present tense, past tense and future tense.

• Present Tense
  • When an action is taken during the present time, the present form of the verb should be given.

Examples

1. Cara is beautiful in a midnight blue dress
2. John delivers newspaper every morning

• Past Tense
  • When an action is taken before or in the past, the past form of the verb should be given.

Examples

1. I died when I say his face.
2. They were all witnesses to the crime he committed.

• Future Tense
  • When an action is not yet taken and will occur sometime in the future, the future form of the verb should be given.

Examples

1. I will buy a piece of jewelry tomorrow.
2. Lisa will evaluate the report on Friday.

[gview file=”http://www.professays.com/wp-content/uploads/Lesson-2-Slideshow-3.pptx” height=”380px” width=”530px” save=”0″ cache=”0″]

ADJECTIVES

Adjectives are words that modify a given noun in a sentence. Words that describe the subject of the sentence are then called as an example of adjective. For example, in the sentence “a large pizza”, the word large is an adjective to the common noun pizza.

KINDS OF ADJECTIVES

Adjectives are classified according to the following:

• Titles of a person
  • Mr., Mrs., Miss, Auntie, Uncle and Dr are examples of an adjective that is under the classification of titles of a person.

Example: Auntie Leonora believes that miracles can occur.

• Articles
  • Since adjectives go together with nouns, determiners such as the, a and an are also the basic example of adjectives.

Example: An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

• Numbers
  • All numbers used in a sentence is classified as number adjectives

Example: Nine cans of beer are all that he can take.

DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES

Adjectives are further classified according to the degree of modification. In the sentence,

Lorna is fast, but Darla is faster than Lorna, and Michaela is the fastest among the three.

Fast is the adjective used to modify the nouns in the sentence, Lorna, Darla and Michaela. Fast is the positive degree of the adjective, faster is the comparative degree for it sets a comparison between Lorna and Darla’s speed while fastest is the superlative for it denotes comparison of three or more things.

[WpProQuiz 9]

ADVERBS

Adverbs modify a verb, an adjective or another adverb in a sentence. Adverbs tell the when, where, why and what of something that happened or occurred. One distinction of an adverb is that it ends in –ly though there are other scenarios that it don’t.

KINDS OF ADVERBS

Adverbs can be classified according to the following:

• Adverbs of Manner
  • Adverbs that answer the question “how”.

Example: The lady walks slowly when the boy hit her in the head.

• Adverbs of Time
  • Adverbs that answer the question “when”.

Example: John left early without even saying goodbye.

• Adverbs of Place
  • Adverbs that answer the question “where”.

Example: There is a sudden hush I heard in the kitchen.

• Adverbs of Frequency
  • Adverbs that answer the question “how often”.

Example: Maria prays every night.

• Adverbs of Purpose
  • Adverbs that answer the question “why”.

Example: The lady stopped the car immediately to avoid hitting the boy.

[gview file=”http://www.professays.com/wp-content/uploads/Lesson-2-Slideshow-4.pptx” height=”380px” width=”530px” save=”0″ cache=”0″]

PRONOUN

Pronouns are words that replace a noun. They are most of the time found in a sentence after the noun was presented.

KINDS OF PRONOUNS

• Personal pronouns
  • Refers to pronouns that replace persons or things in a sentence.

Example: Lisa did a good job in her paper that she got a grade of A+.

• Demonstrative pronouns
  • Refers to pronouns that functions as determiners.

Example: This paper got an A+.

• Relative Pronouns
  • Refers to pronouns that relate group of words or clauses in a given sentence.

Example: Whoever got an A+ in the paper is the best student in the class.

• Indefinite Pronouns
  • Refers to pronouns that function as nouns but do not substitute for specific nouns.

Example: Everybody loves ice cream.

• Intensive Pronouns
  • Refers to pronouns that are in personal pronoun form but contains self and selves that emphasizes the nouns.

Example: I myself don’t believe with everything that he just said.

• Reflexive Pronouns
  • Refers to pronouns that a given a given subject in the sentence receives the action of the verb.

Example: Crying will only hurt mean hurting yourself more.

• Interrogative Pronouns
  • Refers to pronounce that introduce question.

Example: I know who ate the ice cream.

PREPOSITION

Preposition describes the relationship between the other words in a given sentence. They are used to locates something in time and in place and tells when, where or what condition did something happened.

KINDS OF PREPOSITION

• Preposition of Time: at, in, on, since
• Prepositions of Place: at, in, on
• Preposition of Movement: to

[WpProQuiz 10]

CONJUNCTION

Conjunctions are words that join or connect the parts of a sentence. They are more often than not the binders that glue an idea in a sentence to the other idea.

KINDS OF CONJUNCTIONS

• AND
  • “And” is a conjunction used to express an idea that is sequential to the other.

Example: Jenny got a jar and she bathe without even talking.

• BUT
  • “But” is a conjunction used to express opposing ideas.

Example: Jenny got a jar but she was too lazy to take a bath.

• OR
  • “Or” is a conjunction used to express a possibility or a choice of ideas.

Example: Jenny can get a jar or she can directly bath using the shower.

• NEITHER-NOR
  • “Neither-Nor” are conjunctions that well go together. They are less commonly used in a sentence but are present to show comparison.

Example: She is neither stupid nor excellent.

• YET
  • “Yet” is a conjunction that gives the same meaning as “but” or “nevertheless”.

Example: The pan is still not hot yet he put the egg on it.

INTERJECTION

Interjections are words that best describes as short exclamations. They stand alone in a sentence and are used to offer exaggerated feelings. Interjections do not follow a certain type or kind and is the easiest part of the speech to distinguish.

EXAMPLES:

Ouch! That hurts.

Wow! You did it correctly.

[gview file=”http://www.professays.com/wp-content/uploads/Lesson-2-Slideshow-5.pptx” height=”380px” width=”530px” save=”0″ cache=”0″]

———————————————————————————————————————————————————-

Summary:

• Grammar is defined as the set rules that direct the flow of words, phrases and clauses in any given common language.
• The most common and widely accepted is the English grammar that became the foundation of the other grammatical rules that has developed.
• Having a right knowledge on how to properly construct sentences contributes to the common writing assignments set by the institution.

Different Grammar Improvements

• Listen
• Speak
• Read
• Write

Different Parts of Speech

• Noun
• Verb
• Adjective
• Adverb
• Pronoun
• Preposition
• Conjunction
• Interjection

Nouns are words that name a person, a place of a thing that are classifies as to:

• Proper nouns
• Common nouns
• Count nouns
• Mass nouns
• Collective nouns
• Abstract nouns
• Determiners

Verb expresses a physical action, mental action and state of being or most commonly called as be-verbs are classified as to:

• Transitive verbs
• Intransitive verbs

Verb Tenses are as follows:

• Present tense
• Past tense
• Future tense

Adjectives are words that modify a given noun in a sentence are classified as to:

• Titles or person
• Article
• Numbers

Degree of adjectives are as follows:

• Positive
• Comparative
• Superlative

Adverbs modify a verb, an adjective or another adverb in a sentence and are classifies as to:

• Adverbs of Manner
• Adverbs of Time
• Adverbs of Place
• Adverbs of Frequency
• Adverbs of Purpose

Pronouns are words that replace a noun and are classifies as to:

• Personal pronouns
• Demonstrative pronouns
• Relative Pronouns
• Indefinite Pronouns
• Intensive Pronouns
• Reflexive Pronouns
• Interrogative Pronouns

Preposition describes the relationship between the other words in a given sentence and are classified as:

• Preposition of time
• Preposition of place
• Preposition of movement

Conjunctions are words that join or connect the parts of a sentence and examples are as follows:

• And
• But
• Or
• Neither-Nor
• Yet

Interjections are words that best describes as short exclamations and examples are as follows:

• Wow!
• Oh!
• Ouch!